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Astract: Modern cloud computing environments support a relatively high degree of automation in service provisioning, which allows cloud service customers (CSC) to dynamically acquire services required for deploying cloud applications. Cloud modeling languages (CMLs) have been proposed to address the diversity of features provided by cloud computing environments and support different application scenarios, e.g., migrating existing applications to the cloud, developing new cloud applications, or optimizing them. There is, however, still much debate in the research community on what a CML is and what aspects of a cloud application and its target cloud computing environment should be modeled by a CML. Furthermore, the distinction between CMLs on a fine-grained level exposing their modeling concepts is rarely made. In this article, we investigate the diverse features currently provided by existing CMLs. We classify and compare them according to a common framework with the goal to support CSCs in selecting the CML which fits the needs of their application scenario and setting. As a result, not only features of existing CMLs are pointed out for which extensive support is already provided but also in which existing CMLs are deficient, thereby suggesting a research agenda.

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Astract: OPC Unified Architecture (UA) is a powerful and versatile platform for hosting information from a large variety of domains. In some cases, the domain-specific information models provide overlapping information, such as (i) different views on a specific entity or (ii) different levels of detail of a single entity. Emerging from a multi-disciplinary engineering process, these different views can stem from various tools that have been used to deal with that entity, or from different stages in an engineering process, e.g., from requirements engineering over system design and implementation to operations. In this work, we provide a small but expressive set of OPC UA reference types that unobtrusively allow the persistent instantiation of additional knowledge with respect to relations between OPC UA nodes. We will show the application of these reference types on the basis of a rendezvous of AutomationML and ISA-95 in an OPC UA server.

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Astract: IEC 62264-2 and AutomationML can co-exist as separate views on the same production system, but there is some overlap with respect to the definitions of the entities in IEC 62264-2 and AutomationML. Therefore, a semantic alignment of entities as well as two methods for integration are proposed: (i) tagging AutomationML elements with IEC 622664-2 roles and (ii) referencing external IEC 62264-2 data.

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