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Astract: E-Government als Methodensammlung unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen unterliegt einem ständigen Wandel.
Während in der Frühphase E-Government vorwiegend als Instrument zur Effizienzsteigerung der Verwaltung durch elektronische Verfahrenskommunikation aufgefasst wurde, hat sich diese Sichtweise in den letzten Jahren grundlegend gewandelt. Ursprünglich als Top-Down-Strategie der Verwaltung konzipiert, sollen und wollen sich die BürgerInnen in staatliche Diskussions- und Entscheidungsprozesse einbringen. Zunehmend werden diese Initiativen von der Zivilgesellschaft ergriffen. Die Ermächtigung der Zivilgesellschaft durch soziale Netzwerke als Instrument zur Selbstorganisation setzt zunehmend die Politik und Verwaltung unter Druck, diese Instrumente ebenfalls als Bestandteil einer E-Government Strategie einzusetzen. Die von der EU gewünschte Beteiligung hat aber noch nicht in dem Maß eingesetzt wie erhofft. Die BürgerInnen vertrauen den staatlichen Organisationen nicht ausreichend bzw. sehen ihre Stimme als zu schwach gegenüber lobbyierenden Kräften. Transparente Methoden und die Offenlegung von Daten und Informationen soll das notwendige Vertrauen für einen Diskurs auf Augenhöhe schaffen. Die Notwendigkeit föderaler und supernationaler Zusammenarbeit stellt die Grenze technisch möglicher Konventionen als Grundlage der Interoperabilität dar. Semantische Methoden sind notwendig, um die Fülle an Daten und Informationen automatisiert verarbeiten zu können.
Im ersten Teil der Dissertation werden die Ergebnisse einer Befragung der österreichischen Gemeinden zum Status der Umsetzung der österreichischen E-Government Strategie dargestellt und interpretiert.
Ein wesentliches Ziel der Befragung war die Erhebung häufig wiederkehrender Verfahren der Gemeinden mit Bund und Land. Daraus lässt sich ein Potential zur elektronischen Verfahrenskommunikation ableiten.
Der zweite Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der behördlichen, elektronischen Zustellung. Rechnerisch verspricht die elektronische Zustellung von behördlichen Schriftstücken großes Einsparungspotential durch Wegfall der Zustellungsgebühr. Organisatorisch schließt ist die elektronische Zustellung die Lücke zur medienbruchfreien Abwicklung von Anbringung über Bearbeitung bis zu Ausfertigung. Dazu bedarf es eines speziellen Leitfadens für kleinere Organisationseinheiten, die dieses Thema aus der technisch-organisatorischen Perspektive betrachten.
Den Abschluss der Arbeit bildet das Thema Open Government - die Öffnung der Staatsverwaltung zur Nutzung des kreativen Potentials der BürgerInnen für bessere Services. Beteiligung wird nur stattfinden, wenn das notwendige Vertrauen gegeben ist. Offene Verwaltungsdaten verbunden mit der Möglichkeit darauf aufbauend eigene Dienste zu erstellen sollen dazu beitragen dieses Vertrauen zu schaffen. Auf semantischen Methoden beruhende Komponenten für ein Open Data Architekturmodell zur Realisierung einer staatlichen, föderalen, Open Data Strategie schließt die Betrachtungen.

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Astract: This thesis covers the transformation of interorganizational business processes in the area of business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. It builds upon the approach devised as part of the Business Semantics on top of Process Technology (BSOPT) project. BSopt aims to integrate management-, administration- and IT perspectives in B2B collaborations as inspired by the Open-edi reference model into one consistent tool environment. The resulting BSopt Designer tool was extended by the use of visual domain specific languages (DSLs) encompassing the concepts given in Open-edi. Additionally, C# developed transformation wizards were created to support a semi-automatic mapping from business models to business process models and, finally, to technologically dependent executable deployment artifacts. The thesis describes the contributions to the BSopt approach starting with the transformation of business process descriptions as seen by a neutral observer into a participant-view dependent design. It continues to show, how these so called ``local choreographies'' are transformed further into concrete Microsoft Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) 4.0 based workflow artifacts ready for integration into the service oriented architecture (SOA) of IT environments. In doing so we also accommodate adapted business document specifications into the transformation process. These specifications are used in business processes to define which messages are sent or received at any point in time during a B2B collaboration. The last contribution to the BSopt approach comes in the form of an example business application. It supports the one-click hosting of generated workflow artifacts and acts as a tool to test the validity and correct functionality of the generated workflows. An accompanying example scenario involving both buyer and seller in a typical ordering process is introduced early in the thesis. It acts as an ongoing demonstration of the different views on business processes and finally illustrates, how the decisions of the involved parties influence the outcome of the business process in the example business application.

Keywords: Business Modeling, Business Process Modeling, Requirements Engineering, e3-Value, REA, B2B, UMM, electronic commerce
Astract: Inter-organizational B2B systems are most likely tending to change their business requirements over time - e.g., establishing new partnerships or change existing ones. The problem is, that business analysts disregard the economic drivers when they start to design the business processes from scratch. Those economic drivers are captured by business models representing the business value perspective. In order to quickly adapt the B2B processes on the business process perspective to changing business requirements without the need to change the overall architecture, a link between business models and business process models is needed. Traditional requirements engineering approaches do not incorporate such methods. Thus, we propose a comprehensive approach that is tailored for gathering the requirements without disregarding such aspects. We incorporate three well established methods in the field of B2B modeling - e3-Value, REA (Resource-Event-Agent), and UMM (UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology). The first two methods are business modeling ontologies that are used for ensuring the basic economic principle within a partner network, which is called economic reciprocity. The latter method is used for modeling the global choreography of inter-organizational business processes. The scientific challenge of this thesis is the integration of traditional requirements engineering techniques into our approach and the combination of the three methods by specifying conceptual mappings as well as a formalized model transformation approach. Finally, we introduce a worksheet driven approach to support the business analyst during the requirements elicitation by the use of pre-defined forms and a prototypical tool implementation. As a proof-of-concept we use a real life business scenario out of the print media domain.

Keywords: e-learning, teaching, mobile learning
Astract: Service-Oriented Mobile learning Architecture (SOMA) is a project focusing on interactive learning using mobile devices, with the main focus on devices running the Google Android operating system. While state-of-the-art solutions mainly cover text-based, multiple choice interrogator-responder concepts, our approach is characterized by interactivity, allowing multimedia-based e-learning concepts. Providing access to different hardware features enables a variety of novel input methods. Examples include obtaining user input through hardware accelerometers or cameras. In order to provide these advanced features we implemented the SOMA framework as part of this work, which acts as wrapper between the e-learning application and the underlying hardware components. Additional features can be developed using the SOMA plugin environment, which enables almost unlimited extension of the main application. Besides that, developers are encouraged to use any functionality provided by the SOMA framework. We use a custom implementation of Java Reflection for the plugin environment to guarantee extendibility.
We will capture all user input needed for detection of learning styles, while the implementation of automatic recognition of learning styles is part of future work. Another important aspect is the integration of the e-learning process into social networks. The system allows users to publish their results online and invite friends to take the same course.
We assume this will improve learning motivation significantly. Users can compete and incite each other to enhance their learning progress.
Besides the SOMA framework itself, several sample plugins have been developed as part of this work. For evaluating our solution, we provide a sample course that uses these basic plugins. This sample course that covers basic first aid content has been created in cooperation with the Youth Red Cross Klosterneuburg.
Future work includes the automatic recognition of learning styles, as mentioned before, as well as the implementation of a graphical user interface for editing content used with the SOMA application.

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