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Astract: In our project BSopt we have developed a model-driven approach towards inter-organizational systems. During its evaluation phase we recognized that different partner networks operate similar, but still slightly differ in some details. However, our current approach is limited with respect to re-use of models or parts thereof for different partner networks. Thus, we plan to incorporate well established design techniques from reference modeling into our approach leading to inter-organizational reference models. We believe that inter-organizational reference models will speed up the development and will improve the quality of inter-organizational systems. In this position paper we outline our plans of integrating the design techniques of reference modeling into inter-organizational system development even if we do not provide a solution yet.

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Astract: XML has replaced traditional EDI standards in the field of business document standardization. Despite of the syntax, the principal approach to develop business document standards has not changed. A standardized business document is built by a superset of all elements that may appear in any business context, leading to overloaded and complex standards. However, in a particular partnership only a small percentage of the elements is used. This results in a top-down approach starting from a generic document and specifying partner-specific subsets. Such an approach is too costly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), because agreements on subsets must be implemented in their software systems. As an alternative we suggest a bottom-up solution that starts from a core set of elements, representing the intersection of all industry contexts. Thereby, the core set may be extended to incorporate the needs of a specific business context. In this paper we examine different mechanisms provided by XML Schema to realize such an extension. The applicability of the different mechanisms is evaluated by means of the Austrian e-Invoicing standard ebInterface, which we co-authored.

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Astract: Inter-organizational B2B systems are most likely tending to change their business requirements over time - e.g. establishing new partnerships or change existing ones. The problem is that business analysts design the business processes from scratch, disregarding the economic drivers of the business network. We propose to use business modeling techniques - such as REA (Resource-Event-Agents) - to ensure that business processes beneath do not violate the domain rules, i.e. to ful ll the basic economic principle for every business transaction - the give-andtake convention, called economic reciprocity. This helps us to quickly adapt the B2B processes to changing requirements without the need to change the overall architecture. In this paper we provide a mapping from REA, which represents one of the most prominent ontologies for business modeling, to UMM (UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology), a standardized methodology for modeling the global choreography of interorganizational business processes. We formalize the mapping by the use of the model-to-model transformation language ATL (Atlas Transformation Language).

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Astract: Complex service-oriented systems typically span interactions between people and services. Compositions in such systems demand for flexible interaction models. In this work we introduce an approach for discovering experts based on their dynamically changing skills and interests. We discuss human provided services and an approach for managing user preferences and network structures. Experts offer their skills and capabilities as human provided services that can be requested on demand. Our main contributions center around an expert discovery method based on the concept of hubs and authorities in Web-based environments. The presented discovery and interaction approach takes trust-relations and link properties in social networks into account to estimate the hub-expertise of users. Furthermore, we show how our approach supports flexible interactions in mixed service-oriented systems.