Keywords: BIM, Building Information Modeling, Tunnel Construction, Conventional Tunnel Construction, As-built BIM, Automatic Model Generation

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Astract: Die Baubranche wird durch die Entwicklung digitaler Systeme in der Planung und Abwicklung von Bauprojekten sukzessiv beeinflusst. Dabei setzen Unternehmen und Auftraggeber je nach Größe auf Eigenentwicklungen oder auf dem Markt erhältliche Produkte. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, um die Erstellung und Einführung digitaler Systeme in der Baubranche qualitativ und quantitativ zu bewerten.

Keywords: Model-Driven Engineering, Vertical Integration, IEC 62264, REA
Astract: Computer-integrated manufacturing is about digitizing, automating and connecting manufacturing processes. At the latest, the fourth industrial revolution, introducing the Internet of Things into manufacturing, led to the increasingly widespread adoption of connecting systems involved in manufacturing processes with each other. This integration is often making use of proprietary and customized solutions. Thus, it cannot be easily adapted when new systems are introduced or existing systems are updated. However, effective integration is an essential component of computer-integrated manufacturing. A way to solve this issue is to standardize the integration of systems by focusing on the manufacturing process instead of the systems. The integration should independent of the underlying systems. In this thesis, we propose two different approaches of connecting systems with each other by making use of existing standards and model-driven engineering. In particular, we make use of the IEC 62264 and ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015 standards in order to provide an implementation of a standardized model-driven integration of systems operating on different levels of a manufacturing process. In order to evaluate the two approaches, we implement an example manufacturing process and compare the approaches with each other. We show that a standardized vertical integration can be achieved by abstracting systems and focusing on the process itself, making the integration independent of the underlying systems.

Keywords: Tunnel Information Model, TIM, Building Information Model, BIM, Infrastructure Information Model, Digital Twin, Systematic Mapping Study
Astract: Using Information Systems (IS) throughout the life cycle of constructed facilities paved the way of computer-aided engineering in the field of automation in construction. Especially national digitization strategies and governmental mandates accelerated the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) throughout the life cycle of civil infrastructure facilities. In the view of potential benefits of information models for tunnel life cycle, this study aims to identify the relevance of Tunnel Information Modelling (TIM) in the scientific community. Therefore, a design science methodology is applied in order to identify and classify relevant research work. The first part of the design science approach is a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) following the guidelines by Petersen et al. [PVK15]. We conduct the literature classification in the field of TIM (i) to summarize research activities, (ii) to identify relevant publication trends and (iii) to uncover possible blind spots of the scientific work. In the second part of the design science methodology we develop a data mining artifact to automatize the SMS by adopting the data analysis process model Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). In order to evaluate the results of the software artifact we use well-established classification metrics to measure how well the Data Mining (DM) approach may be used to automatize the literature identification and classification and, therefore, provide a set of relevant, state-of-the-art scientific studies. The main findings of this thesis are (i) the research effort in the area of TIM constantly increased between 2011 to 2019, (ii) governmental digitization and environmental strategies are major drivers of the increasing number of TIM related studies, (iii) the majority of studies concentrate on the application of information models during the design phase of a tunnel project, (iv) the usage of information models for continuous excavation receives more attention of the scientific community than its conventional counterpart, (v) a combination of Okapi BM25 and supervised text classification models yield positive performance measures by identifying relevant studies in the domain of TIM, and (vi) our term-based identification approach is not able to classify studies in regards to tunnel life cycle phases and excavation methods. The results of this thesis can assist researchers (i) to identify trends and state-of-the-art of the research domain, (ii) to identify open research issues and (iii) to propose new studies in the field of text classification.

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Astract: Die Baubranche wird durch die Entwicklung digitaler Systeme in der Planung und Abwicklung von Bauprojekten sukzessiv beeinflusst. Dabei setzen Unternehmen und Auftraggeber je nach Größe auf Eigenentwicklungen oder auf dem Markt erhältliche Produkte. Dieser Artikel zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, um die Erstellung und Einführung digitaler Systeme in der Baubranche qualitativ und quantitativ zu bewerten. Dafür werden Methoden für die Entwicklung und Etablierung softwaregestützter Prozesse auf Baustellen vorgestellt.