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Astract: "Industrie 4.0" aims at flexible production networks that require horizontal integration across companies. Evidently, any production related information exchanged in the network must be vertically forwarded to the corresponding service endpoints of the local production system. Accordingly, there is a need to align information that flows between companies and within each company. The Resource-Event-Agent (REA) business ontology describes a metamodel for internal business activities (e.g., production) and for inter-organizational exchange constellations on the enterprise resource planning (ERP) level. ISA-95 is a series of standards targeting the integration of enterprise control systems on the interface between ERP systems and manufacturing execution systems. Consequently, we align elements of REA and ISA-95 and define conversion rules for the transformation of elements from one system to the other. By interleaving the semantics of both standards, we formally strengthen the links between the services of the business level and the production level, and support multi-system adaptation in flexible production environments.

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Astract: People frequently use internet-based messaging systems to coordinate. In order to achieve that, it is sufficient for them to exchange natural language messages. The message history they generate can be seen as a shared database that can be tapped into by personal assistive systems; moreover, messaging is increasingly used for human-computer communication. However, if natural language understanding is required for such systems to function properly, the cost of developing them is high and only few market players will be able to compete. If, on the other hand, it is possible to mix machine-interpretable data with natural language conversations, assistive or conversational programs may be developed more easily. As a first important challenge, we tackle the problem of negotiating agreements and unambiguously represent what has been agreed upon in a machine-readable form. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Web of Needs, a decentralized, Linked Data based matching and messaging system, to allow conversation partners to produce a mutually agreed-upon RDF dataset.

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Astract: The level of digitalization within transport companies is much higher than the level of digitalization across organization boundaries. This fact suggests that there is room for improvement. However, this situation is not likely to change as long as there is no financial incentive for the whole sector to cooperate in establishing a shared communication infrastructure. In this paper, we present our approach for building such an infrastructure using the method of design science. The goal is an open, Web based, de-centralized network operated by transport organizations themselves. Based on expert interviews, we argue that the current situation causes frictions that our approach may help reduce, thereby providing the incentive to participate. The proposed system is described in terms of its existing technologicial base, the Web of Needs, and the extensions needed to provide the required functionality, giving an overview of the current state of implementation.

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Astract: Business documents directly exchanged between applications usually follow a certain business document standard. No matter whether these standards are traditional EDI standards or XML-based, they are very generic including all elements that may be of need to any company in this world. Before being used in a partnership, a subset of these elements has to be defined based on the business context (geopolitical region, industry, etc.). Usually the definition of these subsets-called Message Implementation Guidelines-starts from scratch, and, thus, is very time-consuming. In this paper we present an approach to explicitly assign context to the definition of Message Implementation Guidelines. This contextual information is also used to calculate a subset for to-be-developed Message Implementation Guidelines based on existing ones. The corresponding approach is supported by a prototype implementation.

Keywords: Linked Data, Electronic Marketplaces, Semantic web
Astract: Electronic marketplaces are built to resemble real marketplaces structurally. Consequently, they are centralized systems, walled gardens with an intrinsic tendency to lock merchants and clients in. We argue that this structure is not necessary on the Web and that all online marketplaces could merge into one global medium for exchange. In this paper, we propose an architecture for such a medium based on semantic Web standards, encompassing the functionalities of publishing an intention to buy or sell, finding transaction partners, and conducting transactions. We focus on the basic protocol layer and explain how messaging and linked data are combined in a novel way to realize a highly dynamic communication system.