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Astract: The Entity Relationship model is the de-facto standard for data modeling and has been in use for a long time already. This popularity also led to the development of various tools that support ER modeling. However, these tools are often inflexible, proprietary, constrained to specific platforms, and lack advanced features like (SQL) code generation. This paper introduces the bigER modeling tool. bigER offers various features for flexibly specifying and visualizing conceptual ER data models. Within the VS Code IDE, the tool enables hybrid and interactive modeling through a textual editor with a custom language to specify ER elements and an accompanying view to display and modify the graphical ER model. The bigER modeling tool is one of the first tools to incorporate the Language Server Protocol and to be distributed through the VS Code ecosystem. Due to its web technology-based architecture, it is platform-independent and easily extensible.

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Astract: If an Enterprise Model is to be used in the strategic decision-making, it should represent the connections between the elements of internal structure, like processes, machines, people, and the elements of the business environment, like market segments, competitors, regulators. The paper presents and discusses a modeling technique - Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM) - that allows to represent such connections, and a computerized toolkit - FEM toolkit - that supports the modeling process. The presentation is done based on a running example. The attendees will learn about an innovative presentation of a business environment in an enterprise model.

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Astract: Hitherto, the concept of Enterprise Architecture (EA) Smells has been proposed to assess quality flaws in EAs and their models. Together with this new concept, a catalog of different EA Smells has been published and a first prototype was developed. However, this prototype is limited to ArchiMate and is not able to assess models adhering to other EA modeling languages. Moreover, the prototype is not integrate-able with other EA tools. Therefore, we propose to enhance the extensible Graph-based Enterprise Architecture Analysis (eGEAA) platform that relies on Knowledge Graphs with EA Smell detection capabilities. To align these two approaches, we show in this paper, how ArchiMate models can be transformed into Knowledge Graphs and provide a set of queries on the Knowledge Graph representation that are able to detect EA Smells. This enables enterprise architects to assess EA Smells on all types of EA models as long as there is a Knowledge Graph representation of the model. Finally, we evaluate the Knowledge Graph based EA Smell detection by analyzing a set of 347 EA models.

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Astract: Die Baubranche wird durch die Entwicklung digitaler Systeme in der Planung und Abwicklung von Bauprojekten sukzessiv beeinflusst. Dabei setzen Unternehmen und Auftraggeber je nach Größe auf Eigenentwicklungen oder auf dem Markt erhältliche Produkte. Dieser Artikel zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, um die Erstellung und Einführung digitaler Systeme in der Baubranche qualitativ und quantitativ zu bewerten. Dafür werden Methoden für die Entwicklung und Etablierung softwaregestützter Prozesse auf Baustellen vorgestellt.

Keywords: Model Engineering, MDE, Model Virtualization, Model Synchronization, Model Integration, Constraint repair, Xtext, Ecore, OCL
Astract: Multiple teams working on a single system may each have different viewpoints, and thus, use different models. These models may have partly shared, unique, or interrelated information, requiring model integration. To work faster and in a more parallel way, temporary inconsistencies between multiple models may be accepted. However, shared information only edited by a single team could still be immediately made known globally. The two main approaches to model integration are model virtualization, i.e., deriving all models from a single source of truth and model synchronization, i.e., propagating changes between different materialized models. While model virtualization does not allow temporary inconsistencies between models, model synchronization may require storing duplicate information redundantly, even if only a single team is involved. Thus, this thesis combines model virtualization with model synchronization into a hybrid approach. A new model virtualization approach helps arbitrarily adding or subtracting models from a base model. The base model can be a single model, an intersection or union of multiple models, a modification of another base model, or a model derivation. As we can store arbitrary (user) changes to the base model without affecting it, we allow temporary inconsistencies and arbitrary changes to the base model, e.g., as a result of changing the derivations source model. Incompatible changes never require user intervention, but just cause semantic constraint violations in a newly defined synchronization model, which is valid if and only if all inter-model constraints including feature derivations are fulfilled. To produce quickfix suggestions in (textual) model editors, optimal model synchronization is regarded as finding an optimal synchronization model. For this optimization, both model finders and heuristic search is employed. Model derivations can be specified using a new basic model derivation language, which includes both derivation and synchronization constraints in a single model. This allows for pure derivation by not editing the derived model as well as pure synchronization by specifying constraints just for inter-model consistency, but not for derivation. This hybrid approach is feasible and can support use cases like editing multiple models simultaneously using virtualization. Our proposed model repair does significantly reduce the number of (synchronization) constraint violations and prevent new ones due to improved autocompletion as shown in our evaluation scenarios.

Keywords: security test concept optimisation, test suite reduction, test case automation, test case prioritisation, e-health
Astract: IT systems are part of many business models in todays business world. With the question of security of these systems, IT security becomes a concern of growing importance. The need for extensive security testing is a logical consequence, especially when it comes to the domains of eGovernment and e-health, where highly sensitive data is handled. It is every service providers responsibility to implement adequate security measures for the datas safety. With new data protection laws, e.g. the EU-wide general data protection laws, regulations regarding the processing and storage of sensitive data, like health data,became stricter and penalties for improper securing of the systems that handle such data are significant and can cause serious economic damage.This results in the need for security testing. As the security of a system cannot be proven, as stated by Geer[34], but only its insecurity, this bears the necessity for constraints to provide efficient test execution. These constraints ensure that budget limits are not exceeded whilst maintaining sufficient test coverage.This work analyses how a security test concept can be optimised for economic efficiency, taking into account the state-of-the-art and best practices in security testing, test suite reduction, test case automation, and test case prioritisation. The result is an optimisation method, which can help to optimise security test concepts. The method was tested on a real-world example a complex system with very high protection needs in the field of e-health.

Keywords: Modelling, Domain Specific Language, Manufacturing, Industry 4.0
Astract: The dawn of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0 has created great enthusiasm among companies and researchers by giving them an opportunity to pave the path towards the vision of a connected smart factory ecosystem. In order to achieve this extensive digitization of industrial production, among the main research issues are the horizontal and vertical integration, which can be realized with the help of industrial standards. In order to handle the interconnected nature of the huge variety of industry standards, a model-driven approach to transform these standards is meaningful. Among the plethora of industrial standards available in the context of smart manufacturing, one series of standards is consistently being mentioned for dealing with manufacturing operations management: IEC 62264. Its second part provides a conceptual model for the description of production systems and their capabilities, including runtime information such as tangible maintenance schedules or achieved production goals. In this work, we present a concrete graphical syntax and toolkit for the creation and presentation of IEC 62264-2 compliant models, using techniques from model-driven (software) engineering. We have evaluated our tool by conducting a user study for assessing its usability and effectiveness. As a consequence, the engineered graphical toolkit empowers end users with no coding skills to model automated production systems.

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Astract: With the emergence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), several sophisticated runtime monitoring solutions havebeen proposed in order to deal with extensive execution logs. One promising development in this respect is the integration oftime series databases that support the storage of massive amounts of historical data as well as to provide fast query capabilitiesto reason about runtime properties of such CPS.In this paper, we discuss how conceptual modeling can benefit from time series databases, and vice versa. In particular,we present how metamodels and their instances, i.e., models, can be partially mapped to time series databases. Thus, thetraceability between design and simulation/runtime activities can be ensured by retrieving and accessing runtime information,i.e., time series data, in design models. On this basis, the contribution of this paper is four-fold. First, a dedicated profilefor annotating design models for time series databases is presented. Second, a mapping for integrating the metamodelingframework EMF with InfluxDB is introduced as a technology backbone enabling two distinct mapping strategies for modelinformation. Third, we demonstrate how continuous time series queries can be combined with the Object Constraint Language(OCL) for navigation through models, now enriched with derived runtime properties. Finally, we also present an initial evaluationof the different mapping strategies with respect to data storage and query performance. Our initial results show the efficiency ofapplying derived runtime properties as time series queries also for large model histories.

Keywords: Model-Driven Engineering, Smart Manufacturing Systems, ISA-95, AutomationML, Resource-Event-Agent, OPC Unified Architecture, IEC 62264, IEC 62714, IEC 62424, IEC 62541, PDDL, Enterprise Resource Planning, Manufacturing Operations Management, Production Planning
Astract: Automated production systems are following a general technological trend: increasingly complex products, combined with drastically reduced lot-sizes per product variant, as well as shorter response and production times are being demanded. In order to be able to meet these expectations, modern IT systems at all levels of the automation hierarchy are required: from business related software at the corporate management level, down to the programmable logic controllers at the field level. For a well-designed coupling of systems that are located at different levels, it is necessary to find, define, and implement clear data conversion mechanisms - this endeavor is also known as vertical integration. At the same time, it is necessary to automate the inter-organizational data exchange - an aspect of horizontal integration. In this thesis, we are recapitulating a selection of own contributions in the context of information integration for smart manufacturing systems. With respect to conceptual models we have been employing established industrial standards, in order to facilitate industrial application. We have conceptualized, implemented and tested a series of conceptual models, inter-model mappings and transformations. Our approaches and implementations have been successfully evaluated by a number of experiments and case studies and are therefore a contribution towards model-driven smart manufacturing systems.