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Astract: Model transformations play a key role in the vision of Model- Driven Engineering (MDE) whereby the overcoming of structural heterogeneities, being a result of applying different meta-modeling constructs for the same semantic concept, is a challenging, recurring problem, urgently demanding for reuse of transformations. In this respect, an approach is required which (i) abstracts from the concrete execution language allowing to focus on the resolution of structural heterogeneities, (ii) keeps the impedance mismatch between specification and execution low enabling seamless debuggability, and (iii) provides formal underpinnings enabling model checking. Therefore, we propose to specify model transformations by applying a set of abstract mapping operators (MOPs), each resolving a certain kind of structural heterogeneity. For specifying the operational semantics of the MOPs, we propose to use Transformation Nets (TNs), a DSL on top of Colored Petri Nets (CPNs), since it allows (i) to keep the impedance mismatch between specification and execution low and (ii) to analyze model transformations by evaluating behavioral properties of CPNs.

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Astract: Social networks have seen enormous growth over the past few years, providing also a powerful new channel for distributing personalized services. Personalization, however, is exacerbated because social content is scattered across different social networks serving specific human needs and social networkers are particularly reluctant to share social content with service providers, if not under their full control. This paper sketches TheHiddenU, a social nexus exploiting semantic techniques for integrating, profiling and privatising social content, thereby providing the technical prerequisites for personalized brokerage, a new, sustainable business model in the Social Web.

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Astract: Smart cards are commonly used for tasks with high security requirements such as digital signatures or online banking. However, systems thatWeb-enable smart cards often reduce the security and usability characteristics of the original application, e.g., by forcing users to execute privileged code on the local terminal (computer) or by insufficient protection against malware. In this paper we contribute with techniques to generally Web-enable smart cards and to address the risks of malicious attacks. In particular, our contributions are: (i) A single generic proxy to allow a multitude of authorized Web applications to communicate with existing smart cards and (ii) two security extensions to mitigate the effects of malware. Overall, we can mitigate the security risks ofWeb-based smart card transactions and-at the same time-increase the usability for users.

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Astract: Abstract. Metamodel evolution and model co-evolution are considered to be essential ingredients for the successful adoption of model-driven engineering in practice. In this respect, on the one hand, dedicated co-evolution languages have been proposed for migrating models conforming to an initial metamodel to models conforming to a revised metamodel with the drawback of requiring to learn a new language. On the other hand, the employment of dedicated model-to-model transformation languages has been proposed demanding for the speci cation of rules for copying unchanged elements. In this paper, we propose to tackle the co-evolution problem from a di erent viewpoint. Instead of describing the co-evolution of models as a transformation between two metamodels, we employ existing inplace transformation languages. For this, the prerequisite is to represent both language versions within one metamodel which is automatically computed by merging the initial and the revised metamodel. This ensures that the initial as well as the revised model conform to the merged metamodel, enabling the employment of inplace transformations for initializing new metamodel elements. Finally, a check-out transformation is used for eliminating model elements which are no longer covered by the revised metamodel.We demonstrate this idea by using ATL for merging the metamodels and realizing the check-out transformation. Furthermore, we discuss the ATL re nement mode for co-evolving the models.

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Astract: The United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and eBusiness UN/CEFACT) standardizes business documents for electronic data interchange. Their approaches towards UN/EDIFACT and XML have later been followed by a conceptual modeling approach called Core components (CC). Having used this approach for four years in practice, it became evident that the support for managing business document models is a prerequisite for successfully utilizing CC. This includes handling variants of business document models on the one hand, and managing the evolution of business document models on the other hand. In this paper we propose an approach to face these challenges by the means of Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) in combination with dedicated model management operators. The contribution of the approach is twofold. First, SPLE is successfully applied in a new field enabling us to manage variants of business document models. Second, the model management operators support the evolution of business document model variants, whereas the operators defined, contribute to the evolution of product lines as well.

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Astract: Exchanging structured business documents is inevitable for successful collaboration in electronic commerce. A prerequisite, for fostering the interoperability between business partners utilizing different business document standards, is a mapping between different standards. However, the effort involved in creating those mappings is hard to estimate. For example, the complexity of standardized formats is one crucial aspect affecting the effort of the mapping process. Therefore, a notion of complexity is desirable for both, manual as well as automatic mapping processes. For this reason we develop an initial set of metrics, based on well established metrics for XML Schema, allowing to analyze the complexity of business document standards. Having such metrics at hand allows estimating the complexity and hence the mapping effort of a business document standard, prior to the actual mapping process. We demonstrate the complexity metrics on three different business document standards from the electronic commerce domain.

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Astract: Software engineering deals with the development of complex software systems which is an inherently team-based task. Therefore, version control support is needed to coordinate the teamwork and to manage parallel modifications. If conflicting modifications occur, in standard approaches the developer who detected the conflict is responsible for the conflict resolution alone and has to resolve the conflict immediately. Especially in early project phases, when software models are typically employed for brainstorming, analysis, and design purposes, such an approach bears the danger of losing important viewpoints of different stakeholders and domain engineers, resulting in a lower quality of the overall system specification. In this paper, we propose conflict-tolerant model versioning to overcome this problem. Conflicts are marked during the merge phase and are tolerated temporarily in order to resolve them later in a collaborative setting. We illustrate the proposed approach for the standardized modeling language UML and discuss how it can be integrated in current modeling tools and version control systems.

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Astract: In our project BSopt we have developed a model-driven approach towards inter-organizational systems. During its evaluation phase we recognized that different partner networks operate similar, but still slightly differ in some details. However, our current approach is limited with respect to re-use of models or parts thereof for different partner networks. Thus, we plan to incorporate well established design techniques from reference modeling into our approach leading to inter-organizational reference models. We believe that inter-organizational reference models will speed up the development and will improve the quality of inter-organizational systems. In this position paper we outline our plans of integrating the design techniques of reference modeling into inter-organizational system development even if we do not provide a solution yet.

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Astract: The urgent demand for optimistic version control support for software models induced active research within the modeling community. Recently, several approaches have been proposed addressing the task of detecting conflicts when merging two concurrently changed versions of a model. In this context, the holistic representation and supportive visualization of detected merge conflicts pose a challenge. In this paper, we present a modeling language independent conflict model comprising all necessary information to profoundly represent merge conflicts. From this conflict model, we leverage the dynamic extension power of UML profi les by introducing a dedicated conflict pro file to visually assist modelers in resolving merge conflicts of UML models. As a result, modelers may resolve conflicts in the concrete graphical syntax conducting their familiar UML editors without tool extensions.

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Astract: A crucial prerequisite for the success of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is the seamless exchange of models between diff erent modeling tools demanding for mappings between tool-specifi c metamodels. Thereby the resolution of heterogeneities between these tool-specifi c metamodels is a ubiquitous problem representing the key challenge. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive classification of potential heterogeneities available in the domain of MDE. This hinders the specifi cation of a comprehensive benchmark explicating requirements wrt. expressivity of mapping tools, which provide reusable components for resolving these heterogeneities. Therefore, we propose a feature-based classifi cation of heterogeneities, which accordingly adapts and extends existing classifi cations. This feature-based classifi cation builds the basis for a mapping benchmark, thereby providing a comprehensive set of requirements concerning expressivity of dedicated mapping tools. In this paper a rst set of benchmark examples is presented by means of metamodels and conforming models acting as an evaluation suite for mapping tools.